[1] Avoidance coping can lead to substance abuse, social withdrawal, and other forms of escapism.
[4] Additionally, avoidance coping is part of the approach-avoidance conflict theory introduced by psychologist Kurt Lewin.
[6][7] Approach coping includes behaviors that attempt to reduce stress by alleviating the problem directly, and avoidance coping includes behaviors that reduce stress by distancing oneself from the problem.
[11] Cognitive behavioral and psychoanalytic therapy are used to help those coping by avoidance to acknowledge, comprehend, and express their emotions.
Active-cognitive coping includes changing one's attitude towards a stressful event and looking for any positive impacts.