Avulsion injury

In medicine, an avulsion is an injury in which a body structure is torn off by either trauma or surgery (from the Latin avellere, meaning "to tear off").

[1] The term most commonly refers to a surface trauma where all layers of the skin have been torn away, exposing the underlying structures (i.e., subcutaneous tissue, muscle, tendons, or bone).

To fix this injury and to be able to continue climbing, many climbers will apply sports tape to the flapped finger to cover up the sensitive area of broken skin.

[4] The most common cause of ear avulsions are bite injuries, primarily human-inflicted, followed by motor vehicle accidents, burns, and complications resulting from otoplasty.

[4] A partially avulsed ear can be reattached through suturing or microvascular surgery, depending on the severity of the injury.

[5][6] Microvascular surgery can also be used to reattach a completely avulsed ear,[7][8][9] but its success rate is lower because of the need for venous drainage.

[22] For intractable pain, a procedure called dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesioning can be effective.

Small incision avulsion (also called ambulatory phlebectomy) is used to remove varicose veins from the legs in disorders such as chronic venous insufficiency.

[27][28] However, it often requires additional surgeries to retain function[27] and botulinum toxin injections have been shown to be more effective than surgical avulsions in treating benign essential blepharospasm, while causing fewer complications.