The Addis Ababa – Dire Dawa highway passes through this park, separating the Illala Saha Plains to the south from the Kudu Valley to the north.

[3] Awash national park's vegetation is classified into four ecosystems: arid Acacia woodlands, thorned bushlands, grazing savannas, and diverse riverine wetlands.

Swayne's hartebeests were translocated to Awash national park for repopulation but their presence is left uncertain due to their population decline and environmental change.

Venomous snakes, such as Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus pyramidum), Puff adder (Bitis arietans somalica), Rhombic night-adder (Causus rhombeatus), Black mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis antinori), Eastern pallid spitting cobra (Naja mossambica pallida), and Black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis), are frequently found within the park ecosystems that are considered dangerous for encountering them.

Wattled Ibis (Bostrychia carunculata), Black-winged lovebird (Agapornis taranta), Banded barbet (Lybiusun datus), Yellow-throated seedeater (Crithagra flavigula), Abyssinian woodpecker (Dendropicos abyssinicus), White-billed starling (Onychognathus albirostris), and Thick-billed raven (Corvus crassirostris) are 7 endemic species that are compromised within the park's biodiversity.