Aymaratherium is an extinct genus of nothrotheriid ground sloths that lived during the Late Miocene and Early Pliocene of Bolivia.

[1] The genus name, Aymaratherium, is derived from the Aymara, a native ethnic group and language from the Andes, and therion, meaning "beast".

The specific name honors Jean Joinville Vacher, for his friendship and constant support for palaeontological investigations over the years.

Other vertebrate fauna found at the locality include the macraucheniid litoptern Macrauchenia sp.,[2] the toxodontid notoungulate Posnanskytherium, several xenarthrans such as the sloths Simomylodon uccasamamensis[3] Megatherium altiplanicum,[4] and the pampatheriid cingulate Plaina.

According to Pujos et al. (2016), Aymaratherium was diagnosed under the autapomorphies; the presence of lower dentition consisting of a single small caniniform and three large molariform teeth, the absence of a diastema between c1 and m1, a very high hypsodonty index, which is also seen in Megatherium and Megalonyx, and a deep buccinator fossa and extremely thin dorsal margin of the spout.