In the twentieth century, Azerbaijan was annexed by the Soviet Union while Serbia was a constituent part of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

[5] On the day when Republic of Kosovo official declared its independence from Serbia, Khazar Ibrahim had stated that Azerbaijan "views this illegal act as being in contradiction with international law.

In 2008, Turkey exerted significant efforts at a senior-level gathering of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) held in Dakar, Senegal, to have a strongly worded statement lending support to Kosovo's declaration of independence issued but Azerbaijan was among the countries that opposed the initiative.

The construction of the Ljig–Preljina segment of A2 motorway was completed in 2016 by an Azerbaijani contractor AzVirt and funded by a €300-million loan from an earlier credit agreement.

Aliyev and Tadic unveiled a bust to Uzeyir Hajibeyov in the city of Novi Sad as well as attended the reopening of Tašmajdan Park in Belgrade whose reconstruction was funded by Azerbaijan.

[19] In 2013, the presidents of Serbia and Azerbaijan, Tomislav Nikolić and Ilham Aliyev, unearthed a monument to a Serbian scientist Nikola Tesla in Baku.

In 2024, Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić confirmed that Serbia signed a new defense contract worth over $300 million with Azerbaijan for Serbian-produced 155 millimetre Nora B-52 self-propelled artillery.