Lamar finished the 2009 season with a 12–2 record as the SCHSL Class A runner-up, losing 36–6 to Steve Taneyhill's Chesterfield in the state championship game.

[4] In his senior year, Goodson recorded 156 tackles on the season and was invited to the North-South All-Star Game in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

[9] Throughout training camp, Goodson competed against Keenan Robinson and Jasper Brinkley to be the starting middle linebacker after it was left vacant due to the retirement of Jon Beason.

[12] On September 18, 2016, Goodson made his professional regular season debut in the Giants' 16–14 victory against the New Orleans Saints in Week 2.

Defensive coordinator Steve Spagnuolo held a competition between Goodson, Keenan Robinson, and Mark Herzlich during training camp.

[14] On January 22, 2018, the Giants announced their decision to hire Minnesota Vikings offensive coordinator Pat Shurmur as their new head coach.

[23] Head coach Pat Shurmur named Goodson and Alec Ogletree the starting inside linebackers to begin the regular season.

[24][25] He started in the Giants' season-opener against the Jacksonville Jaguars and made three combined tackles and was credited with half a sack to mark the first of his career during a 20–15 loss.

Goodson made his first career sack on Jaguars' quarterback Blake Bortles for an eight-yard loss during the first quarter with teammate Kerry Wynn.

[26] On November 12, 2018, Goodson recorded six combined tackles, deflected two passes, and made two interceptions during a 27–23 victory at the San Francisco 49ers in Week 10.

[29] He finished the 2018 NFL season with 61 combined tackles (44 solo), four pass deflections, two interceptions, and was credited with half a sack in 15 games and 13 starts.