Coached by player-coach Aleksander Illi and led by Ralf Viksten, the team won the championship in 1938.

Tartu EASK won two more titles in 1939 and 1940, led by player-coach Oskar Erikson and top scorer Heino Veskila.

[2] Led by player-coach Edgar Naarits, the team won five consecutive Estonian League titles from 1948 to 1952.

Ernst Ehaveer took over as the head coach ahead of the 1956 season, and guided the team to another Estonian championship that same year.

The team made their debut in a European competition by competing in the 1999–2000 season of the Saporta Cup, but failed to advance past the preliminary round.

[5] In the 2000 league playoffs, they defeated BC Jüri Basket and Nybit en route to facing Tallinna Kalev in the finals.

Point guard and team leader Tanel Tein won his first Most Valuable Player Award at the end of the season.

Led by Augenijus Vaškys, the team won the KML championship in the 2003–04 season by defeating EBS/Nybit, four games to two in the finals.

However, they lost to eventual champions Barons LMT 88–82 in the semifinal and to Proteas EKA AEL 79–70 in the third place game.

[13] After a poor start in both the Baltic Basketball League and the EuroChallenge, Kerde was relieved of his duties on 19 December 2008 and replaced by assistant Indrek Visnapuu.

Under Visnapuu's leadership, TÜ/Rock reached the Baltic Basketball League Final Four for the first time in team history, beating rivals BC Kalev/Cramo 71–68 in overtime and winning the series 2–1.

On 24 January 2012, Visnapuu resigned and was replaced by his assistant and former Tartu Ülikool guard Gert Kullamäe.

Tartu Ülikool reached the playoffs in the league's inaugural season, where they lost to BC Kalev/Cramo in the quarterfinals.

On 19 December 2021, Tartu Ülikool Maks & Moorits defeated BC Kalev/Cramo 82–73 in the Estonian Cup final to win their first trophy in seven years.