It is situated near Lake Federsee, which is separated from the town by a wide reed belt.

Bad Buchau incorporates the nine villages of Allmannsweiler, Dürnau, Kanzach, Betzenweiler, Moosburg, Alleshausen, Seekirch, Tiefenbach, and Oggelshausen, as well as the outlying farm settlements of Ottobeurer Hof, Bruckhof, and Henauhof.

The official language is German, with day-to-day conversations by the majority of its inhabitants in the Swabian dialect.

Buchau, however, lost its insular benefits after the water level of Lake Federsee had been lowered on two occasions.

[4] The most prominent company is Franz Kessler GmbH,[5] based in Bad Buchau's light industrial area of Kappel.