Badnavirus

Badnavirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caulimoviridae order Ortervirales.

Diseases associated with this genus include: CSSV: leaf chlorosis, root necrosis, red vein banding in young leaves, small mottled pods, and stem/root swelling followed by die-back.

[1][2] The following species are recognized:[3] Viruses in Badnavirus are non-enveloped, with bacilliform geometries.

The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export, and tubule-guided viral movement.

Transmission routes are vector, mechanical, and seed borne.

Cocoa-tree showing swollen diseased stem
Swollen stem infection