Baek was also known by his English name, "George Paik" and his nickname, "Yongjae" (용재).

Baek was born on March 9, 1895, and was the second son among six children.

He attended Park College 1918–1922 receiving a Bachelor of Arts in History.

He attended Princeton University 1923–1925 receiving a Masters of Arts in History.

In 1982 he received a Doctorate of Education from King Sejong University.