Bailongia is an extinct genus of arthropod known from a single species Bailongia longicaudata (longicaudata from Latin: "long-tailed") found in the Cambrian Stage 4 aged Guanshan Biota of Yunnan, China.

It was around 5mm long and had a large head shield, nine overlapping tapering tergites and a relatively elongate tailspine.

It has been recovered in a relatively basal position within Artiopoda, more derived than Squamacula or Protosutura, but outside Trilobitomorpha or Vicissicaudata.

[1] Squamacula clypeata Zhiwenia coronata Australimicola spriggi Acanthomeridion serratum Acanthomeridion anacanthus Bailongia longicaudata Retifacies abnormalis Kwanyinaspis maotiashanensis Olenoides serratus Eoredlichia intermedia Haifengella corona Kuamaia lata Helmetia expansa Tegopelte gigas Skioldia aldna Saperion glumaceum Cindarella eucalla Luohuilinella deletres Luohuilinella rarus Sinoburius lunaris Xandarella spectaculum Phytophilaspis pergamena Buenaspis forteyi Tariccoia arrusensis Soomaspis splendida Liwia convexa Naraoia spinosa Naraoia compacta Misszhouia longicaudata Sidneyia inexpectans Emeraldella brocki Cheloniellon calmani Triopus draboviensis Duslia insignis Kodymirus vagans Eozetetes gemmelli Beckwithia typa Chlupacaris dubia Quasimodaspis brentsae Tremaglaspis unite Tremaglaspis vanroyi Brachyaglaspis singularis Cyclopites vulgaris Australaglaspis stonyensis Uarthrus instabilis Flobertia kochi Aglaspella granulifera Gogglops ensifer Glypharthrus simplex Aglaspis spinifer Chraspedops modesta Glypharthrus thomasi Glypharthrus trispinicaudatus Glypharthrus magnoculus

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