The fortress consists of the Icheri Sheher and the walls and towers surrounding it, and it was included by UNESCO into the World Cultural Heritage List in 2000.

For the first time, this incident took place in 1191 when Shirvanshah Akhsitan I moved here with her palace after the terrible earthquake in Shamakhi.

[1] In 1865, the military governor, he is the manager and the civil part of the Baku province, Lieutenant-General Mikhail Petrovich Kolyubakin requested permission, through the governor of the Caucasus, to destroy the city wall that separated the city from the seashore and "independently of its uselessness, prevented free air movement."

In the ways of improving the coastal part of the city and exploring the means to that, at the request of the governor Kolyubakin, the fortress wall on the seashore was broken, the strip between it and the shore was sold to residents and with the money raised, which amounted to 44 thousand rubles, the coastal street of 25 meters was filled wide, fenced from the sea stone embankment.

From the fortress wall facing the sea, only small fragments remained – two rebuilt caravanserai on the street.

By 1879, after the introduction of municipal self-government in Baku, the walls of the fortress had become so dilapidated that in some places they were threatened with collapse even from a strong wind.

After lengthy correspondence and approvals, the content of the fortress walls was entrusted to the city government.

[6] Demolition of this section of the fortress wall, over 105 running soot., Starting from Mikhailovskaya Street and to the Taghiyev Gate, was completed in 1884 and cost the town 3924 rubles.

Martynov informed the city mayor that under the existing laws it is strictly forbidden to destroy the remains of ancient fortresses, and offered to provide a detailed description of all damage to the wall for repair, and to ensure public safety against the possible collapse of the fortress wall, suggested taking the necessary measures.

Monuments and the streets of the ancient city can be seen in the works of Engelbert Kaempfer, Aleksey Bogolyubov, Grigory Gagarin, Vasily Vereshchagin, Aleksandr Kuprin, Azim Azimzade, Tahir Salahov and other famous artists.

[3] The general plan of Icheri Sheher is reflected on the opposite side of the Azerbaijani banknote of 10 manat.