Balbino Giuliano (4 January 1879 – 13 June 1958) was an Italian historian and Fascist politician who served as Minister of National Education of the Kingdom of Italy from 1929 to 1932.

After graduating in literature and philosophy from the University of Turin, he worked for many years as a high school teacher in Turin (among his pupils in this period was Piero Gobetti, whom he heavily influenced in his early years).

A Socialist in his youth, Giuliano later became a liberal close to the positions of Gaetano Salvemini, and an interventist during the First World War, where he served as an artillery second lieutenant.

During his tenure as Minister he imposed an oath of allegiance to the regime on university teachers, which was signed by all but twelve professors.

After the fall of Fascism he retired to private life; after the Second World War he was referred to the High Court of Justice for the Sanctions against Fascism, but was not sentenced due to the Togliatti amnesty.