Banana Doughnut theory

The name was coined by Princeton University postdoc Henk Marquering.

[3] This theory gets the name "banana" because the tube of influence along the entire ray path from source to receiver is an arc resembling the fruit.

The ray path is a hollow banana, or a banana-shaped doughnut.

[4] Mohammad Youssof and colleagues (Youssof et al., 2015)[5] of Rice University and the University of Copenhagen conducted one of the studies that compared both the Born-Fréchet kernel theory and the infinitesimal geometrical ray theory when they used the same datasets to see the resolving power on real datasets from the South African Seismic Array [SASE] in Kalahari (Carlson et al., 1996)[6] and compared their results when using one and multiple frequencies to previous studies by Fouch et al. (2004),[7] Priestley et al. (2006),[8] and Silver et al.

[9] Youssof et al. (2015) models are similar in some ways, but they also have significant differences which include new results of cratonic boundaries, the keels' depth, and their structures.