However, sections 318–320 of the Criminal Code,[39] adopted by Canada's parliament in 1970 and based in large part on the 1965 Cohen Committee recommendations,[40] make it an offence to advocate or promote genocide, to communicate a statement in public inciting hatred against an identifiable group where it is likely to cause a breach of the public peace, or to communicate a statement which wilfully promotes hatred (other than in private conversation) against an identifiable group.
A landmark First Amendment case was National Socialist Party of America v. Village of Skokie, in which neo-Nazis threatened to march in a predominantly Jewish suburb of Chicago.
9,459/97 establish imprisonment and a fine for anyone who produces, markets, distributes, or disseminates symbols, emblems, ornaments, badges, or propaganda that use the swastika to advocate Nazism.
[45][46][47][failed verification] After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, Holocaust denial and Nazi symbols are legal in Iran, although it dates to the 1940s during the Pahlavi era.
[30] There are currently no provisions and laws in Taiwan that ban or regulate the use of Nazi symbols and imagery as long as it lies within the legal bounds of freedom of speech under the constitution.
There are legal exceptions for works of art (including books, films, theatre performances, computer games, and educational/memorial public exhibitions, etc.
Violations of the Badges Act 1960 (Abzeichengesetz 1960), which prohibits the public display of Nazi symbols, result in up to €4000-fine and up to one month of imprisonment as punishment.
However, if the violation is deemed an attempt to promote National Socialism, the Prohibition Act 1947 (Verbotsgesetz 1947) is applied, resulting in up to ten years of imprisonment.
This allows for the prosecution of anyone who expresses an idea (in public, using almost any medium including flags) which insults another person's race, religion or ethnicity.
[59] In 1991, in Czechoslovakia, the criminal code was amended with 260 which banned propaganda of movements which restricted human rights and freedoms, citing Nazism and Communism.
[64] Finland has no explicit legislation aimed at controlling ownership, display, purchase, import or export of Nazi symbols.
[65] The Criminal Code's Agitation against a population group sections may be applicable when Nazi symbolism is used to threaten, defame, or insult a certain group "on the basis of its race, colour, birth, national or ethnic origin, religion or belief, sexual orientation or disability or on another comparable basis".
[67][68] In France, it is a crime to display Nazi flags, uniforms and insignia in public, unless for the purpose of a historical film, show, filmmaking or spectacle.
[70] After World War Two, the penal code of the Federal Republic of Germany was amended to prohibit propaganda material and symbols of forbidden parties and other organisations (StGB 86 and 86a).
)[72] Section 335 of the Act C of 2012 on the Criminal Code of Hungary regulates the "use of symbols of totalitarianism", including the swastika, the insignia of the SS, the Nyilaskereszt, the hammer and sickle, and the five-pointed red star.
[citation needed] In June 2013, the Latvian parliament approved a ban on the display of Nazi and Soviet symbols at all public events.
[75] In 2009, § 2 to 4 were added to Article 256 of the Polish Penal Code banning the "production, recording, importing, acquiring, storing, possessing, presenting or transporting" for the purpose of dissemination of "prints, recordings or other objects" that "publicly promote a fascist or other totalitarian system of state", unless done "as part of artistic, educational, collecting or academic activity", and provides for forfeiture regardless of owner upon conviction.
[24] Russian administrative code prohibits propaganda, production and dissemination of Nazi symbols, lookalikes, and the Rising Sun Flag with fines up to 100,000 rubles.
[7][84] On 8 October 2024, Jacob Hersant of the National Socialist Network became the first Victorian to be found guilty of performing a Nazi salute.