Tujibi) or Banu al-Muhajir, were an Arab dynasty on the Upper March of Al-Andalus active from the ninth to the eleventh centuries.
[2][3][4] An exiled junior line of the family, known as the Banu Sumadih, established themselves as rulers of the Taifa of Almería, which they held for three generations, until 1090.
[7] In the second half of the 9th century, faced with the repeated threat of the rebel Banu Qasi clan, emir Muhammad I of Córdoba recruited to his side the sons of ʿAbd al-ʿAziz ibn ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Tujibi, giving them several towns, including Daroca, as well as 100 dinars each, and charging them with fighting the Banu Qasi.
[9] Two other sons of ʿAbd al-Rahman, al-Mundhir in Calatayud and Muhammad in Zaragoza, would found lineages that long held positions of power on the Upper March.
[10] The accession of emir Abdullah led to shuffling of the court, and the father of Ahmad al-Qurashi, who had been the visier, fell out of favor.
In 919, he took the towns of Roda de Isábena and Monzón, though the latter was recaptured by an alliance of Sancho I of Pamplona, Bernard I of Ribagorza, and Amrus ibn Muhammad of Huesca.
[16] His son Hashim ibn Muhammad was allowed to succeed him, but faced a revolt by his Tujibid kinsmen of Calatayud and Daroca, who besieged some of his castles.
ʿAbd al-Rahman III, now caliph, was hesitant to allow Muhammad ibn Hashim to succeed his father as governor of Zaragoza.
[19] In 934 ʿAbd al-Rahman III began a campaign in the north against Ramiro II of León, but also targeted Muhammad ibn Hashim al-Tujibi.
[21] Ibn Hayyan, basing himself on ʿIsa al-Razi, stated that al-Tujbi voluntarily sought an alliance with Ramiro II in order to avoid submitting to ʿAbd al-Rahman, but ʿAbd al-Rahman negotiated a truce with Ramiro in order to isolate al-Tujibi, and then forced al-Tujibi's surrender in 937.
Thus, in 939 the combined Umayyad and Tujibid armies met Ramiro in the Battle of Simancas, which resulted in the defeat of ʿAbd al-Rahman and the capture of al-Tujibi.
However, Ibn Hayyan's history ends in that year, so these events are not known in as much detail as the previous campaigns of ʿAbd ar-Rahman against Ramiro and al-Tujibi.
[29] Yahya al-Zuqaytar ibn Muhammad al-Tujibi was apparently still governing Zaragoza during the reign of caliph Al-Hakam II.
[10] To mollify the Tujibies, Almanzor soon replaced the executed rebel with his nephew, ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn Yahya al-Tujibi,[31] but there is no further mention of the family during the chaos of the collapsing Umayyad caliphate.
ʿAbd al-Rahman ibn al-Mundhir continued his father's private war with the Banu Dhi-l-Nun, but later he and his brother Mutarrif were captured by Sancho I of Pamplona.
[34] Al-Mundhir accompanied his cousin Muhammad ibn Hashim and the Banu Shabrit to Córdoba in 931 to swear fealty to the caliph, Whose campaigns he joined, including his 933/4 attack on Zaragoza, but he fell out with the caliph's general and was named a rebel, forcing him into alliance with his cousin Muhammad ibn Hashim and with his family's old enemies, the Banu Dhi-l-Nun.
After accompanying the campaign against Ramiro II, he was made governor of Calatayud in 940 and continued to rule it until his death in February 950, at the age of 49.
[39] By the 1040s, the Tujubies had been removed from control of Calatayud, and the first Banu Hud ruler of the Zaragoza taifa gave it to his son, Muhammad.
After dispossessing Yusuf, and taking Zaragoza, the caliph gave Daroca to his first-cousin, al-Hakam ibn al-Mundhir al-Tujibi, formally naming him governor in 940.
[45] In 975, the governor of Lérida captured a rebel, Abu-l-Ahwas Maʿn ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAziz al-Tujibi, who for the previous six years had taken refuge at Castillonroy under the protection of either the Count of Ribagorza or of Pallars, and sent him to Córdoba.
[46] He must have reached an accommodation with Almanzor, because in 981 he co-commanded one wing of the army at the Battle of Torrevicente, and he was made governor of Zamora after it was taken from León in 999.
He had friendly relations with Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona, who would march troops through Zaragoza on their way to help restore Hisham II in 1010.
He married the sister of Ismaʿil ibn Dhi-l-Nun, and fought a war with the widow of his father's ally, Ramon Borrell, Ermesinde, the countess-dowager of Barcelona.
While one chronicler claimed the action was taken on behalf of the false-Hisham II put forward by Abu al-Qasim Muhammad ibn Abbad of Seville, this was likely a pretext and ʿAbd Allah immediately sought the approval of Zaragoza's elite to reclaim the leadership of Zaragoza his branch of the family had previously exercised.
When the fall of Seville the following September freed up additional Almoravid forces, making his position untenable, Abu Yahya's son and successor Ahmad Muʿizz al-Dawla abandoned the taifa and fled to Algeria, where he lived the remainder of his life in exile in the port city of Dellys.