Barbara Anne Lattimer Krader (January 15, 1922 – March 29, 2007) was an American ethnomusicologist, translator, librarian, and educator.

She was the first woman to be elected president of the Society for Ethnomusicology (SEM), serving her term from 1972 to 1973.

[3] She earned a Ph.D. in Slavic languages and literature at Radcliffe College in 1955,[4] under Russian linguist Roman Jakobson, with a dissertation titled "Serbian peasant wedding ritual songs: A formal, semantic and functional analysis.

"[5][6] During her doctoral work, she traveled in Yugoslavia on a fellowship from the American Association of University Women (AAUW),[7][8][9] teaching English classes for the State Department[4] and collecting folksongs.

[5][15] In 1985, she was the first woman to give the Charles Seeger Memorial Lecture to the annual meeting of the Society for Ethnomusicology, when she gave a speech titled "Slavic Folk Music: Forms of Singing and Self-Identity.”[16] Under the difficult conditions of the Cold War, she was recognized for her efforts to maintain contacts between music scholars on both sides of the Iron Curtain.