[3] Two subspecies are recognized by Mammal Species of the World (2005):[4] In addition to morphological measurement, DNA analysis confirmed the presence of an endemic sub-species in the Canary Islands as well as a relatively homogeneous genetic structure among populations of the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco, and probably, across Europe as far as the Thrace region.

[7][8] Barbastelles roost in splits or behind loose bark of trees all year, generally in mature deciduous forests, as well as rock crevices[9] and within human buildings.

In central Italy, tall dead beech in unmanaged woodland were found to be preferred as roost trees.

Winter roosting sites include natural caves and human structures such as basements, mines and bunkers.

[2][11][12] Research from Switzerland showed that the biologically most productive parts of the forest are exploited in priority by this species while hunting [9] and that ca.

More recent studies confirmed this predominance of Lepidoptera, underlining that medium-sized and larger specimens are targeted in priority by the barbastelles.

However, seasonal diet changes were recorded during autumn due to potential interspecific competition with Plecotus austriacus and strong decrease of flying larger moths.

[14] While foraging, barbastelles behave as typical aerial-hawking bat species despite the fact that they hunt exclusively just above the forest canopy.