Barbosania is an extinct genus of crestless targaryendraconian pterosaur from the Cretaceous Romualdo Formation of the Santana Group of northeastern Brazil, dating to the Aptian to Albian.

[1] The holotype, MNHS/00/85, was originally acquired for Barbosa's personal collection, the basis of the new Sintra museum, from Brazilian fossil poachers.

Its provenance is probably the Serra da Mãozinha,[2] implying an Early Cretaceous late Albian age, about a hundred million years old.

The authors considered it unlikely that this morphology was age-related and rejected the explanation of such traits by sexual dimorphism unless there was specific evidence to prove this.

The describers established a single autapomorphy, unique trait: the possession of thirteen dorsal vertebrae instead of the normal twelve.