The population is made up of three major ethnic groups – Hutu (Bahutu), Tutsi (Batutsi or Watusi), and Twa (Batwa).

The terms "pastoralist" and "agriculturist", often used as ethnic designations for Watusi and Bahutu, respectively, are only occupational titles which vary among individuals and groups.

Although Hutus encompass the majority of the population, historically Tutsis have been politically and economically dominant.

UN medium variant projections[4] Registration of vital events is in Burundi not complete.

[10] Attribution: This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2025 ed.).