Batch dyeing

Method two is the circulation of the dye solution, but the piece of fabric remains stationary.

Finally, method three involves both the fabric and the dye solution being circulated simultaneously to create agitation.

A number of smaller rollers are located through the dye liquor to guide the fabric through the solution.

The reel and roller aid in the movement of the fabric loop through the dye liquor.

This aids in the circulation of the fabric loop through the dye liquor by hauling it out of the solution and over the roller.

The jockey roller acts as a guide for the fabric, helping it move through the width of the solution.

[6] The winch machine also has a front compartment, that is separate from the main dye vat.

[7] The jet dyeing machine is a large vat that has a closed tubular system called a venturi.

Unlike the jigger and winch dyeing methods which use a reel system, the venturi guides the fabric.

The fabric piece is then moved down from the wound roller, through the dye solution and back onto the other roll.

The winch roller controls the rate of transport of the fabric loop through the solution.

The fabric continues to rotate through the dye solution until the full exhaustion has been achieved.

The dye bath is heated to extremely high temperatures with its maximum ranging around 135 to 140 degrees Celsius.

The jet dyeing machine use a low specific liquor ratio ranging from 1:5 to 1:15.

The fabric is then moved slowly through the autoclave located inside the dye vat.

The jet pushes the fabric back through the tube systems and into the other end of the dye vat where the process begins again.

The jet creates turbulence within the dye liquor which helps with the exhaustion process.

The fabric is exposed to a high concentration of dye liquor when it runs through the venturi tube systems.

The fabric repeats this loop until the fabric reaches full exhaustion and the colour is achieved, the speed of each circulation is around one to two minutes and the entire process will continue for around twenty to thirty minutes.

The dye liquor then travels through the pressurised pumps into the perforated beam.