Battle of Csorna

[3] The Hungarian army of Transylvania, led by Lieutenant General Józef Bem even managed to chase the first Russian intervention troops (7000 soldiers) out of the province, which had entered in the winter of 1849.

[4] From the end of March the Austrian politicians and military leaders understood that the Habsburg Empire was incapable of crushing their revolution relying on their own strength.

Their mission was to gather reliable information on the enemy's strength and to impede his advance through smaller and greater skirmishes in the region of Hédervár, Öttevény, Kapuvár etc.

[15] On 11 June the division led by Colonel György Kmety arrived at Pápa in order to secure the right wing of the VII corps.

[14] The division, numbering 5002 men and 17 guns, had to reach the Rába through Székesfehérvár, near Pápa, to occupy the crossing points and destroy the bridges, except for the one at Marcaltő.

[16] From a spy, Kmety heard that an imperial half brigade (2690 soldiers) led by Major General Franz Wyss was stationed in the city of Csorna.

Only when they arrived at Marcaltő, at 12 June at night, did he send an envoy to inform Klapka and Colonel[17] Lajos Zámbelly, the chief of the VII corps general staff about his plans.

[23] The Hungarian troops at Szilsárkány, which prepared to attack from the south, stumbled on an imperial patrol made of lancer cavalry (Uhlans) and captured one of them, but the others rode away.

He sent the Lieutenant-Colonels Emil Üchritz and László Pongrácz to lead the 10th, 23rd, and 33rd Honvéd battalions with five companies of Vilmos (Wilhelm) Hussars and the 9th cavalry battery to the enemy's rear, on the route: Bogyoszló — Jobbaháza — Farád.

[19] When Emil Üchritz's troops were passing through Jobbaháza, the Lieutenant-Colonel learned that 15 Hungarian soldiers had been taken prisoners by a patrolling Uhlan platoon.

[24] The Uhlan patrols' commander, lieutenant Chamot, after taking the Hungarian prisoners at Jobbaháza, heard the first roar of the cannons from Csorna, signalling the start of the battle, and in order to prevent his soldiers from being cut off by the enemy, decided to retreat towards Kapuvár.

[24] Shortly after that, at 4:45 o'clock, Wyss received news that some troops were advancing from the southeast, but he explained that they were the imperial battalions from the 29th infantry regiment, for which he was waiting.

[25] Three new uhlan platoons arrived, and attacked the Hungarian hussars from the sides, who just before were strengthened by a company of the Vilmos-hussars, and led by this started a counterattack.

As a result of this, the Hussars were forced to retreat again, both sides suffering great losses, augmented by the Hungarian cavalry battery which, during all this time, shot in the uhlans.

The Hungarian 45th battalion was advancing on the street, together with the two Jäger companies,[c] putting the imperials at risk of being cut in half, but Wyss arrived just in time with reinforcements, sending the 49.

In the attack the commander of the Austrian infantry, Major Weiss was wounded twice, and his place was taken by Captain Hörnes, who led these troops retreat towards the center of Csorna.

[16] The memoirs of Major Ferenc Karsa add to this: It was also interesting that the Nádor hussars [...] rushed to attack [over and over] in small groups without waiting for the command.

[36] After the retreat from Csorna, the 6 companies of infantry, 3 uhlan platoons, and 2 cannons stopped at Bősárkány, because they heard gunshots from the direction of Kóny.

[38] A report from a day after the battle, recognizes that do not know anything precise about their commanders death, and they suspect that Wyss was wounded and captured by the Hungarians.

[37] So the conclusion is that there is uncertainty about Wyss's death, but probably he was shot dead at the end of the battle in Csorna, when the majority of his troops were already retreated from the town.

[39] The battle was already over when the Hussar squadron that had rescued the captured Honvéds returned to the division, and under Kmety's personal command, with half of the 9th cavalry battery, they took over the pursuit of the enemy's main force.

[37] At Kmety's request - and possibly on his own initiative - Colonel Lajos Zámbelly, the Chief of Staff VII Corps', after 6:00 a.m., hearing the cannons shootings from Csorna, rode to Lesvár.

[37] Meanwhile, Zámbelly crossed the bridge, and soon arrived the 2 hussar companies and 3 cannons from the reserve, which he then sent to Markota, to cut the Austrians retreat rout.

At Maglóca he handed over the command to a captain, telling him to follow the enemy slowly, hoping that they will not reach Bősárkány before the Hungarian detachment sent to encircle them.

[42] Colonel Schneider, delegated to investigate the conduct, during the battle, of Bombelles considered his retreat justified, saying that it would have been useless to advance further, and that, if he continued his march, the enemy could easily have surrounded his troops.

The imperials were lucky, because some days before the Austrian sappers had restored the bridges, so they could retreat over them, without this they could have easily fallen into the Hungarian trap, and been forced to surrender.

[44] After the battle the population of Csorna was accused of helping the Hungarian troops, some saying that some inhabitants wanted to kill the Austrian wounded soldiers.

But when Haynau was informed by Colonel Schneider, that people from Csorna killed Austrian wounded soldiers, he ordered the burning of the city.

Haynau penalized the imperial officers from Wyss's half brigade, whom he found to be guilty of the defeat, continuing at the same time to prepare for his attack.

The Governor, President Lajos Kossuth had conflicts with the commander in chief of the army and at the same time with Minister of War General Artúr Görgei.

Brocky Károly: Kmety György
Franz Wyss
Battle of Csorna (13 June 1849). Situation around 5ː00 a.m
Location of the Battle of Csorna
Battle of Csorna (13 June 1849). The Hungarian troops start the attack
Fleeing Austrian dragoons, chased by Hungarian Hussars, August von Pettenkofen
Battle of Csorna (13 June 1849). The Hungarian breakthrough in the center of the city
Pongrácz László
Battle of Csorna (13 June 1849). The situation around 9ː00 a.m. The Austrians retreat from the city. Wyss is killed
The military actions of the Hungarian troops during and after the Battle of Csorna, around the town.jpg