Battle of Samarra (363)

Stranded deep in Sasanian territory and suffering from a lack of supplies, Jovian was forced to accept terms for peace.

Julian invaded the Sasanian Empire with a force of 95,000 men, hoping to secure the eastern frontier[2] and to replace Shah Shapur II with his brother Hormisdas.

[1] Julian burned the fleet which he had brought down the river to Ctesiphon,[1] and much of the baggage, leaving a bare three weeks supply.

[5] Julian rode back, not waiting to don his breastplate, and when he arrived at the rear guard was told the left flank was under cavalry attack reinforced by elephants.

Unexpectedly, the envoys of Shapur II arrived in his camp bearing offers of peace, and Jovian, who during the halt had exhausted his provisions, grasped eagerly at any venue of extricating the army from its dire situation.

[10] According to the treaty with Shapur, Jovian agreed to a thirty-year truce, a withdrawal from the five Roman provinces, Arzamena, Moxoeona, Azbdicena, Rehimena and Corduena, and to allow the Sasanians to occupy the fortresses of Nisibis, Castra Maurorum and Singara.

A map of the campaign up to the battle of Samarra