For this reason, Sucre and La Mar signed an armistice in Girón, a prelude to the negotiation of the end of hostilities and the establishment of limits between the two countries.

On the one hand, certain Peruvian sectors distrusted former dictator Bolívar's intentions towards the country and, in some cases, were openly hostile to him after his dictatorship in Peru, a fact that had forced him to leave Lima in 1826.

[1] Bolivar's Gran Colombian Army had participated in the Peruvian War of Independence, and Bolívar himself had expressed a desire to unite both Peru and Bolivia into a new federated state, with Bolivarian governments established in both Gran Colombia and Bolivia, something with La Mar saw unfavorable,[2] as it was his desire to unite Lower and Upper Peru into a single Peruvian state.

[3] On the other hand, both Bolívar and his supporters resented these attitudes and reignited the debate regarding the Peruvian town of Tumbes and the disputed territories of Jaén and Maynas.

Peruvian President José de La Mar then received authorization from the Congress of Peru to march to confront the Gran Colombian Army.

La Mar himself had been born in Cuenca, and was encouraged by influential citizens of Guayaquil to believe that the people of "el Austro"[a] would prefer to be part of Peru rather than Gran Colombia.

The Peruvian naval campaign culminated in the takeover of the main port that Gran Colombia had in the Pacific Ocean, Guayaquil, on February 1, 1829.

The war had an abrupt end with a coup on the morning of June 7, 1829 by General Agustín Gamarra against the government of President La Mar, who had recently returned to Peru and was subsequently exiled to Costa Rica, where he died in November 1830.

In other words, the status quo ante bellum was maintained,[6] adding that each country could make small concessions in order to establish a more natural and exact dividing line to avoid new conflicts.

After the battle, General José de La Mar signed the treaty on February 28 but did not vacate Guayaquil, arguing that he considered it humiliating that Sucre ordered a column to be erected on the battlefield that would read in gold letters the following: The Peruvian army of eight thousand soldiers that invaded the land of their liberators was defeated by four thousand brave men from Colombia on February twenty-seven, eighteen-hundred and twenty-nine.

The treaty was signed by General Agustín Gamarra[9] in the aftermath of a coup against president José de la Mar on June 7 of the same year.

After the coup against President La Mar, the new de facto government of Gamarra travelled to Piura where he called for an immediate cessation of military activities and signed the Armistice with Gran-Colombian General Juan José Flores.