In May 1509, after the defeat suffered in the Battle of Agnadello, the Venetian army seemed destined to fall with the Republic of Venice.

During the summer, the League of Cambrai's armies, the Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of France, Marquisate of Mantua, Papal States, and Duchy of Ferrara's ones invaded Veneto.

However, Serenissima resisted and in October, after the defeat in the Siege of Padua, the French Army's Marshal Jacques de la Palice left Veneto, moving to Milan.

The Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I left the battle field, too, moving to Trento.

However, the imperial garrison located in Vicenza didn't leave the city and, commanded by the Prince of Anhalt Rudolph IV, took place in the fortified citadel.