The League of Cambrai was a military coalition against the Republic of Venice formed on 8 December 1508, by the main European powers (Holy Roman Empire, Spain and France), to maintain their hegemony over the Italian Peninsula.

In its preamble, a stated pretext for the treaty is peace between the Holy Roman Emperor and the Duke of Guelders, mediated by Spanish and Papal ambassadors.

The following was also remarked against the Venetian Republic: [...] to stop the losses, the abuses, the robberies, the harms which the Venetians have caused not only to the Holy Apostolic See, but also to the Holy Roman Empire, to the House of Austria, to the Dukes of Milan, to the Kings of Naples and to many others principles occupying and usurping tyrannically their goods, their lands, their cities and their castles, as if they had conspired to the ill of everyone [...] So we found not only useful and honorable, but also necessary to call everyone to a right revenge to turn off, like a common fire, the Venetians' insatiable greed and their thirst for domination.The Treaty of Cambrai stipulated the following partition of Venice's mainland and overseas territories: For some time, Venice had developed suspicions of an emerging alliance against them, in some part due to hostile speeches by the French ambassador.

After they routed the Venetian army in Battle of Agnadello, they invaded Veneto and marched on Venice; however, they were defeated by Bartolomeo d'Alviano at the Siege of Padua.

In 1510, Pope Julius II left the League and allied with the Venetians against France, having grown suspicious of French ambitions in Italy.