The Bay of Islands is bordered on the north and south by North Arm Hills and Blow Me Down mountains, which are part of the Humber Arm Allochthon, which also include the Lewis Hills and the Tablelands.

Although the river is mainly used for recreational purposes, the bay still sees active shipping to and from Corner Brook's port.

Other towns along the shores of the Bay of Islands are mostly dependent upon the fishing industry.

There are still fish plants in Cox's Cove, Humber Arm South, and Curling.

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