The government includes members of Emmanuel Macron's coalition, Ensemble, as well as The Republicans; despite its minority status, it survived a vote of no confidence on 16 January 2025 thanks to abstentions from the National Rally and the Socialist Party.

[4] Barnier's initial challenges as Prime Minister were forming a new government, passing the vote of confidence (with a minimum of 289 out of 577 votes) and submitting the 2025 budget by 1 October to parliament according to Reuters, further remarking that it would "be no easy task with the budget deficit already this year running billions of euros over target, leaving Barnier tough choices about calibrating spending cuts and tax rises" and risking the government's position in parliament.

"[3] Jean-Luc Mélenchon, the leader of the left-wing La France Insoumise, said that Macron had "stolen" the election by not appointing a prime minister from the New Popular Front[9] and called for protests against the new government.

[10] According to France's Interior Ministry, around 110,000 people took part in these protests, which were held in Paris,[11] Montauban,[12] Nice, Lille, Strasbourg and Montpellier, as well as in several rural areas.

[14] The decision happened after several last-ditch concessions to find a compromise failed, prompting both the New Popular Front and the National Rally to file motions of no confidence against his government.

François Bayrou was supported by the Macronist bloc, while being rejected by La France Insoumise, while the other left-wing parties and the far right were awaiting the measures taken by the Prime Minister.

Bayrou, in his speech, recalled the importance of social justice, republicanism, national reconciliation, the need to overcome a serious crisis that is ravaging Europe and France, and thanked Barnier for his work as Prime Minister.