Behavior management
Behavior management skills are especially useful for teachers and educators, healthcare workers, and those working in supported living communities.
This also helps to reduce classroom disruption and places more focus on building self-control and self-regulating a calm emotional state.
[4] American education psychologist, Brophy (1986) writes: Contemporary behavior modification approaches involve students more actively in planning and shaping their own behavior through participation in the negotiation of contracts with their teachers and through exposure to training designed to help them to monitor and evaluate their behavior more actively, to learn techniques of self-control and problem solving, and to set goals and reinforce themselves for meeting these meetings.
(p. 191)[5]In general, behavior management strategies are effective at reducing classroom disruption.
[7] Such strategies can come from a variety of behavioral change theories, although the most common practices rely on using applied behavior analysis principles such as positive reinforcement and mild punishments (like response cost and child time-out).
For example, Cotton (1988) reviewed 37 studies on tokens, praise, and other reward systems and found them to be effective in managing student classroom behavior.
[10] A comprehensive review of token procedures to match children's level of behavioral severity is found in Walker's text "The Acting Out Child.
Some examples of High Cards are: A Low Card approach is a less invasive way to address a behavioral issue and may include: Some student behaviors must be addressed immediately and could cause a teacher to interrupt teaching in order to resolve the issue.
Purkey proposed a visualization way to keep track of the methods used to manage student behavior.
Blue cards help reinforce good behavior and ways to encourage a student.
An orange card could list ways to critique a student's work in front of the class, which would lower their feelings of self-worth, providing an example of what to avoid.
Teachers can be aware and provide students with required critique and feedback, while reinforcing their self-image.
Purkey's theory helps teachers understand how they can edit behavioral management specifically in the classroom.
When bringing behavioral management in relation with supported living the purpose of this is to keep a person's dignity.
Most of the time, residents have some behavior that is meant to be improved in order for them to live a more normal life.
[14] However it might be necessary to redirect them to a psychologist, psychiatrist, hospital, or a behavior management center may be beneficial.
In this model, socially appropriate behaviors are encouraged and reinforced since these are equivalent to points that can be exchanged for rewards.
[16] Several studies have been done in this area to discover effective methods of building prosocial behavior.
[30][31] In a Harvard study, it was proven that acts of kindness and expressing gratitude in the classroom can cause better behavior and increased mood overall.
[36] The socialization process continues by peers with reinforcement and punishment playing major roles.
Positive punishment is when one adds an unwanted stimulus to decrease the target's behavior (e.g., spanking a child when they behave badly).
Negative punishment is when one removes something the target enjoys or likes to decrease their undesired behavior.
This is negative punishment because the child likes to watch TV, so when the mother takes that away from them, they dislike the consequence.
For example, if someone is being studied in an experiment, that person might perform better or work harder because they are aware of the attention they are receiving.
This is interesting because if a child who is behaving very poorly, no matter what, is put in an experiment, they might increase their good behavior.
Understanding each domain will help explain the fight or flight response when someone is faced with a stressful situation; and focus on each individuals' skills.
