The team competes in the European Under-21 Football Championship, held every two years.

Their biggest successes were winning the 2007–09 International Challenge Trophy and reaching the European Championship semi-finals in 2007 in the Netherlands.

Thanks to the latter achievement, Belgium qualified for the football tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics.

The following players were called up for the 2025 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification matches against  Czech Republic on 15 & 19 November 2024.

Note: Names in italics denote players that have been capped by the senior team.