[3] Many of the studies relating specifically to B. j. juncea take place at the University of Yaoundé in Cameroon.
[1] The genus consists of independent-founding species,[2] meaning that colonies are founded by either one or a few foundresses.
[9] Colony foundation occurs throughout the year, independent of the seasons,[5] and has an average cycle time of roughly seven months.
[8] The pre-emergence phase is the time between the founding of the nest by one or multiple foundresses and the emergence of the first adult.
[8] Studies have shown that B. j. juncea exhibit thirty-nine different types of behavior.
The amount of time that individuals will spend on building the nest and especially foraging activity will increase as one moves down the hierarchy.
[7] Because of this, it is possible to deduce the rank of an individual based on the amount of time spent in the nest versus foraging for food.
Dominant females, along with being the largest individual in the nest, also exhibit the most well-developed ovaries, which may indicate that they are the ones who reproduce.
[7] The results of the Appleby Test, which measures the "dominance index" of a particular individual, determine that the hierarchy in B. j. juncea is linear, meaning that dominant individuals are distinct from subordinates of lower and lower ranks.
[6] Also, because falling fights do not regularly occur during queen replacement in other species of Belonogaster, such as B. grisea or B. petiolata, B. j. juncea dominance hierarchy establishment is considered to be more severe when compared to other members of the genus.
[5] These females that were associated with each other came from the same nest approximately 86.7% of the time, which suggests that co-foundress relatedness is high.
[5] The invader will then eat the eggs already present in the nest and will destroy many of the existing cells.
[8] This is not a very common occurrence when compared to complete nest abandonment, and in the periods between queens, egg and larvae quantity decreased as a result of no care being provided to them.
[11] Liquid matter primarily consists of honeydew and nectar from various species of plants.
[9] Their prey includes various species of insects such as caterpillars, winged ants, and grasshoppers.
[8] In certain African regions, especially Nigeria, B. j. juncea and other wasps of the genus Belonogaster are used in traditional forms of medicine.