Benjamin M. Anderson (c. 1836 – February 21, 1865) was a partisan soldier for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.

In early 1856, he became a captain for Colonel Jack Allen's Kentucky Rifles – a group under William Walker.

He was involved in Thomas Hines' plans to free Confederate prisoners in Chicago's Camp Douglas, but he may have been a double agent.

During January 1865, he and seven others were tried on conspiracy charges for the actions involving the attempt to free prisoners at Camp Douglas.

As a result of feeling he had betrayed the Union people whom he befriended, and renouncing the Confederate cause, he said he "would prefer being dead than disgraced".