He was raised in Sudbury and educated at Brandon Grammar School and Montpelier Seminary.
[2][3] Gates joined Company A, 1st Connecticut Volunteer Regiment for the Spanish–American War, and served from May to October, 1898, first at Fort Knox in Waldo County, Maine, and then at Camp Alger, Virginia near Washington, D.C.[4] From 1899 to 1901 he was Deputy Clerk of the Washington County Court.
[7] A Republican, Gates served as Montpelier's Grand Juror from 1904 to 1906, and was Washington County State's Attorney from 1906 to 1910.
[10] From 1916 to 1917 Gates served as Secretary of Civil and Military Affairs (chief assistant) to Governor Charles W.
[12] After retiring, Gates was appointed as executive clerk on the staff of Governor William H. Wills; in fact, he acted as an advisor and counselor to the heads of the state government's executive departments and leaders of the Vermont General Assembly.