Benjamin Osgood Peirce (February 11, 1854 – January 14, 1914) was an American mathematician and a holder of the Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard from 1888 until his death in 1914.

[4] Peirce was elected to the Council of the American Mathematical Society, serving from 1896 to 1898.

He was a founder of the American Physical Society when it began in 1899 and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences (United States) in 1906.

[5][6] He was honored with election to foreign academies such as the Mathematical Circle of Palermo and the French Physical Society.

[7] In 1912 he represented Harvard University at the celebrations for the 250th anniversary of the founding of the Royal Society of London.