Berlin (carriage)

[1] Initially noted for using two perch rails[a] and having the body suspended by leather straps called braces,[b][3][4]: 15  the term continued in use for many carriages even after the suspension system changed to steel springs.

[4]: 15–16  The elegant but durable style was widely copied and named "berline" after the city from which the carriage had come.

The term "berline" survived as a description of the formal or ceremonial body style with two bench seats facing each other in an enclosed carriage.

This style was known as the berline coupé (cut-berline) in French, halbberline (half-berlin) in German, and also berlinet or berlinette.

As with the coupé and the brougham, the term evolved with the movement of the driver and controls into an enlarged enclosure, which resulted in turning the front seat to face forward.