He was the son of Margrave Frederick V of Baden-Durlach and his second wife Eleonore of Solms-Laubach.

As a Major General in the Swedish army, he fought against Poland during the Second Northern War.

After traveling through France and Italy and a lengthy stay in Rome, he converted to Catholicism on 24 August 1660 in the Franciscan Hermolsheim monastery in Mutzig in the Lower Alsace.

In 1665, he laid down his arms, entered the Benedictine Rheinau Abbey and received minor orders.

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