A small section of the line extends into the canton of Neuchâtel in Switzerland.

It runs 75.9 kilometres (47.2 mi) from a junction with the Neuchâtel–Le Locle-Col-des-Roches line at Le Locle-Col-des-Roches west to Besançon-Viotte, where it meets two other lines.

TER Bourgogne-Franche-Comté operates passenger services over the line.

The majority of trains operate between Besançon-Viotte and Le Valdahon; some continue east from Le Valdahon to La Chaux-de-Fonds in Switzerland.

[3] Swiss trains do not operate west of Le Locle.