Over one hundred fossils of Bharatagama have been found in the Kota Formation, which outcrops in the Pranhita–Godavari Basin and dates back to about 190 million years ago (Ma).

Despite its abundance, Bharatagama is known only from isolated jaw bones mixed together in microvertebrate assemblages with equally fragmentary remains of fish, sphenodontians, dinosaurs, crocodylomorphs, and mammals.

[3] Bharatagama has been suggested to belong a group of iguanians called Acrodonta, which today includes chameleons and agamids.

The presence of Bharatagama 190 million years ago in India provides evidence that the basal split between Iguania and Scleroglossa occurred around this time, and that the earliest iguanians underwent an evolutionary radiation in the southern supercontinent Gondwana.

The paucity of early Mesozoic microvertebrate assemblages in regions formerly part of Gondwana may explain the large time gap between Bharatagama and Cretaceous iguanians, which lived in the northern supercontinent Laurasia and have a good fossil record in North America, Europe, and Asia.