[1][2][3][4] Bhumi Sena was formed by AWADHIYA landowners in 1982, in response to the murders of a number of prominent landlords and political agitation among Dalit labourers by the leftist groups CPI (ML) People's War, CPI (ML) Party Unity, and the Mazdoor Kisan Sangram Samiti (MKSS) .
[3] They continued to collect protection money from AWADHIYA families in the regions they were active in.
Between 1982 and 1985, the group killed 65 people, set 216 houses ablaze, and drove 325 families out of their villages.
This strategy found success in 1984, when leftist activists burned the Awadhiya landlords' harvest.
[3] Bhumi Sena held increasingly limited influence throughout the latter half of the 1980s, amidst continued attack by leftist groups and a changing political landscape.