Its main function appears to be endocrine, taking part in regulating sex hormones.
Zoologists have experimented with the physiology of the organ by castrating male toads (removing the testicles).
[2] The Bidder's organ only develops into an ovary analogue when testicles are removed experimentally or not functioning properly (e.g. due to exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals).
Molecules of various proteins are present in the outer layer of the follicles, homologous to the zona pellucida of the ovum.
The physiology of the Bidder's organ is unique, having no connection with temperature-dependent sex determination (i.e., reptiles, avians, and mammals).