In October, 2020 an international group of researchers found a lost river that ran through the central Thar Desert ; 1,72,000 years ago.

[6] According to the 2011 census Bikaner district has a population of 2,363,937, roughly equal to the nation of Latvia or the US state of New Mexico.

The district has a population density of 78 inhabitants per square kilometre (200/sq mi).

Bikaner has a sex ratio of 903 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 65.92%.

[11] At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 81.09% of the population spoke Rajasthani, 14.94% Marwari, 2.05% Hindi, 1.71% Urdu and 0.98% Sindhi as their first language.