The territory of modern Bilopillia was settled as early as the 2nd-6th centuries, as evidenced by the discovered settlement of the Chernyakhiv culture.

During the time of Kievan Rus, the fortified city of Vyr emerged, which was an outpost in the fight against nomads.

Vyr is mentioned for the first time in the "Povchannya" of Volodymyr Monomakh in 1096, but the events depicted there relate to the year 1113.

[5] Later, Bilopillia became a settlement (since 1791 — a town) in Sumskoy Uyezd in the Kharkov Governorate of the Russian Empire.

During World War II, town was occupied by the German Army from 8 October 1941 to 3 September 1943.

On April 26, 2024, Russian artillery killed two civilian women aged 77 and 69 and injured three more, according to Ukrainian sources.