Binem Heller

[1] Writing in Yiddish, he emerged early as a leader of Poland's proletarian poets, equivalent to the Proletpen.

[2] His first collection, "Through the Bars", was published in Łódź in 1930 and was confiscated by the Polish authorities.

After the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1943, he took shelter in Alma-Ata, where he wrote the poems "Inheritance" and "In Shadow".

[4] In 1947, he returned to Poland, hoping to participate in a revival of its Jewish cultural life.

He then moved to Paris and Brussels, where his poem of political renunciation, "Alas, how they shattered my life", caused a storm of controversy.