[2] After World War II the emphasis began to shift toward an effort to explore the role culture plays in shaping human biology.
The shift towards understanding the role of culture to human biology led to the development of Dual inheritance theory in the 1960s.
Typically such criticisms rest on the belief that biocultural anthropology imposes holism upon the biological and cultural subfields without adding value, or even destructively.
[15] Other departments, such as at Harvard, have distinct biological and sociocultural anthropology "wings" not designed to foster cross subdisciplinary interchange.
It is also difficult to precisely define what is meant by constructs such as socioeconomic status, poverty, rural, and urban.