Birkeniidae is an extinct family of jawless fish belonging to the order Birkeniiformes.

They were defined in 1899 by Ramsay H. Traquair, and were a successful family among the many jawless fish in the Silurian seas.

Birkeniidae had a large body which was ovular in shape, and a strong, mobile tail.

Their mouth was large for the jawless fish, but contained no teeth.

They also possessed fins which faced downwards, an uncommon trait among the jawless fish.