Birthstone

[1]: 275–306  Translations and interpretations of the passage in Exodus regarding the breastplate have varied widely, with Josephus himself giving two different lists for the twelve stones.

Tastes, customs, and confusing translations have distanced them from their historical origins,[3]: 310  with one author calling the 1912 Kansas list (see below) "nothing but a piece of unfounded salesmanship.

[1]: 317  The Jewelry Industry Council of America updated the list in 1952[3]: 311  by adding Alexandrite for June, citrine for November and pink tourmaline for October.

[5] In 2016, the American Gem Trade Association and Jewelers of America added spinel as an additional birthstone for August.

For example, in Hinduism, there are nine gemstones related to the Navagraha (celestial forces including the planets, the Sun, and the Moon), known in Sanskrit as Navaratna (nine gems).

Some common monthly birthstones
Recreation of the high priest's breastplate in front of the central Sephardic synagogue in Ramat Gan , Israel