Bismuth compounds

It is also a strong fluoride acceptor, forming the XeF+3 cation from xenon tetrafluoride:[10] The low-oxidation-state bismuth halides adopt unusual cluster structures.

What was originally thought bismuth(I) chloride, BiCl, is in fact a lattice of Bi5+9 cations and BiCl2−5 and Bi2Cl2−8 anions.

However, in the case of BiOCl, the salt crystal forms alternating plates of Bi, O, and Cl atoms.

[14] Unlike the lighter pnictogens nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic, but similar to antimony, bismuth does not form a stable hydride.

As a topological Dirac semi-metal, it is a three-dimensional counterpart to graphene with similar electron mobility and velocity.

While sodium bismuthide (Na3Bi) is too unstable to be used in devices without packaging, it may offer distinct efficiency and fabrication advantages over planar graphene in semiconductor and spintronics applications.