Based on morphological as well as behavioral data, only three species are formally recognized: B. brasiliensis found in the Amazonian forest, Blepharidatta conops, an inhabitant of savanna-like formation from central Brazil (Cerrado), and an undescribed species (Blepharidatta "sp-ba")[note 1] known from the Atlantic rainforest of the State of Bahia, eastern Brazil.

[6] The foragers patrol a roughly circular area around the nest opening, where they collect live and dead arthropods (mainly other ants) to feed their larvae.

[7] The other known species of Blepharidatta have different nesting habits: their smaller colonies (mean number of workers varying from 112 to 132) are found within the leaf-litter, in natural cavities between leaves or in rotting branches.

According to Brandão et al. (2001), this distribution pattern may be explained by the limited dispersal mode of ergatoid queens and by the type of nest foundation (fission of established colonies).

queens are ergatoid and have an enlarged phragmotic head that, together with the anterior slope of the pronotum, form a nearly circular disk whose mean maximum transverse diameter is 1.68 mm.