The mission’s objectives include analyzing lunar regolith properties, studying geophysical characteristics, and investigating interactions between the solar wind and Earth's magnetic field.

The lander carries advanced instruments such as a regolith adherence characterization device, a lunar retroreflector for precision distance measurements, a radiation-tolerant computer, and thermal exploration probes, among other scientific payloads.

On February 4, 2021, NASA awarded Firefly a contract worth US$93.3 million to deliver a suite of ten science investigations and technology demonstrations to the Moon in 2023.

On May 20, 2021, Firefly Aerospace announced its selection of SpaceX's Falcon 9 Block 5 as the launch vehicle for the inaugural Blue Ghost lunar lander mission.

[8] Environmental testing of the lander commenced in August at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), ensuring the spacecraft's readiness for the rigors of spaceflight.

The lander's scientific instruments will collect data on the properties of the Moon's regolith—its loose, fragmented rock and soil—as well as its geophysical characteristics and the interactions between the solar wind and Earth's magnetic field.