[2] Dougan was raised in the Bridgeton district of Glasgow, attended John Street Secondary School and studied as a draughtsman with local engineering firm Sir William Arrol & Co. while beginning his playing career at Junior grade with Shawfield.
In summer 1947, having just won the Scottish Junior Cup and been selected for Scotland at that level,[3] he was brought to Heart of Midlothian by manager David McLean,[4] establishing himself in the team alongside fellow post-war signings, Bobby Parker, Davie Laing, Jimmy Wardhaugh and Willie Bauld, the latter two forming the Terrible Trio front line at Tynecastle with Alfie Conn. Dougan was selected once by the Scotland national football team, for a friendly match against Switzerland in 1950, with Willie Woodburn or George Young normally selected ahead of him.
In December 1954, just over a year after injuring his knee, he was allowed to join Kilmarnock for a reported fee of £4 300.
[2] Dougan had played 125 league games and made 168 first team appearances for Hearts, departing just before their very successful period of the late 1950s began.
He was active for Kilmarnock over five seasons, making a total of 80 appearances[6] but missing out on a place in the team for the 1957 Scottish Cup Final to Willie Toner; he remained on the staff at Rugby Park for two further years until 1962 to provide support to the management teams of Malky MacDonald and Willie Waddell.